Cancer Prevention: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and why Vaccination Matters

Almost everyone has been touched by cancer, either directly or indirectly. February is Cancer Prevention Month—a time to promote early detection, encourage healthy lifestyle choices, and foster conversations about cancer prevention. When you think of cancer, you may think of breast, prostate, lung, or even pancreatic cancer, but there are many other variations. According to the Cancer Research Institute, there are over 200 different types of cancer, each with unique traits. CRMC Oncologist-hematologist Atlantis Russ, M.D., Ph.D., and Nurse Practitioner Ashley Yager, AGACNP-FNP, offer their insights on Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and why vaccination matters.

HPV is a common virus that can lead to serious health complications in both men and women causing cervical and throat cancer, as well as other cancers. HPV is responsible for 90% of anal and cervical cancers and 70% of oropharyngeal cancers. Despite its prevalence, many people remain unaware of the risks and the highly effective prevention methods available, including vaccination. The HPV vaccine provides strong protection against the most dangerous strains of the virus, significantly reducing the risk of HPV-related cancers and diseases. Vaccination is most effective when given before exposure to the virus and is recommended for preteens. It is also available for older individuals who may not have been vaccinated.

In the United States, medical facilities administer a 9-valent vaccine—the most comprehensive HPV vaccine—protecting against strains 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. Vaccination involves a two- or three-dose series that can begin as early as age nine and may be considered up to age 45. The benefit of vaccination after age 26 should be discussed with a healthcare provider. The vaccine is almost twice as effective if given before prior HPV exposure, which is why it is recommended as early as age nine but typically starts at age 11 for both males and females.

Raising awareness about HPV and advocating for vaccination is essential to reducing the burden of preventable cancers. Healthcare providers, parents, and community leaders play a key role in educating others about the safety and benefits of the vaccine. Misconceptions about HPV and its vaccine can lead to hesitation, but evidence consistently supports its effectiveness and safety. By promoting routine HPV vaccination and increasing public understanding, we can protect future generations from unnecessary illness and contribute to a healthier society.